Phukha language
Loloish language of Vietnam and China
| Phukha | |
|---|---|
| Phula | |
| Native to | China, Vietnam |
| Ethnicity | 18,000 Phula people (undated – 2009)[1] |
Native speakers | 100,000 (2008–2011)[1] |
Language family | Sino-Tibetan
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | phh |
| Glottolog | phuk1235 |
| ELP | Phula |
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Phukha is a Loloish language spoken by the Phula people of Vietnam and China.[1]
Distribution
Phukha is spoken near Lao Cai town; Xin Mun District of Ha Giang Province and Lai Chau and Son La Provinces in Vietnam and villages in Maguan, Malipo and Hekou Counties in China. Phula people in Yen Bai Province do not speak Phukha but speak Laghuu.
Phonology
Consonants
Phukha has the following consonants.[2]
| Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Lateral | Sibilant | |||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate | Aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tɬʰ | tsʰ | tʂʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | |
| Voiceless | p | t | tɬ | ts | tʂ | tʃ | k | ||
| Voiced | b | d | dɮ | ɡ | |||||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f | s | ɬ | ʂ | ʃ | χ | ||
| Voiced | v | z | ɮ | ʐ | ʒ | ʁ | |||
| Laryngealized | v̰ | z̰ | ʒ̰ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||||
Vowels
Phukha has the following vowels.[2]
| front | central | back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| High | i | ɨ | ɯ | u |
| High-mid | e | ə | o | |
| Low-mid | ɛ | ʌ | ɔ | |
| Low | a | |||
Tones
Phukha has five tones:[2] high /˥/ (/55/), mid /˧/ (/33/), low /˨/ (/22/), low-rising /˨˦/ (/24/), and low-falling /˨˩/ (/21/).
Notes
- ^ a b c Phukha at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c Pelkey 2005.
References
- Robert Wayne Fried. 2000. "A Preliminary Phonological Sketch of Phu-kha, a Tibeto-Burman Language Spoken in Northern Vietnam," University of Texas at Arlington MA thesis.
- Jamin R. Pelkey. 2005. "Puzzling over Phula: Toward the Synthesis and Statement of a Sub-Branch," Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 28/2:41-78.
- v
- t
- e
| ARs / SARs | |
|---|---|
| Prefecture | |
| Counties/Banners | numerous |
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Chinese
- Chinese Sign
- Northern (Beijing) Sign
- Southern (Shanghai) Sign
- Hong Kong SignHK/MC
- Tibetan SignXZ
- GX = Guangxi
- HK = Hong Kong
- MC = Macau
- NM = Inner Mongolia
- XJ = Xinjiang
- XZ = Tibet
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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| East and Southeast Asia |
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| Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
| ||||
| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||
