Nusu language
Tibeto-Burman language of southwest China and northern Myanmar
| Nusu | |
|---|---|
| Native to | China, Myanmar |
| Ethnicity | Nu |
Native speakers | 13,000 (2007)[1] |
Language family | Sino-Tibetan
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nuf |
| Glottolog | nusu1239 |
The Nusu language is a Loloish language spoken by the Nu people of China and Myanmar. There are three dialects: Northern, Southern, and Central. The Central dialect of Miangu is the prestige dialect and is understood fairly well by speakers of other dialects.[1]
Lama (2012) observes a sound change, *r- > Ø- from Proto-Loloish, as a Nusoish innovation.
Distribution
The three Nusu dialects are spoken in the following locations (Nusuzu Nusuyu Jianzhi 怒族怒苏语简志 1986).
- Southern, also known as the Guoke-Puluo (果科-普洛) dialect: northern Lushui County 泸水县, in Guoke 果科,[2] Puluo 普洛,[3] Tongping 同坪,[4] Jiajia 加甲[5] (3,000 speakers)
- Central, also known as the Zhizhiluo-Laomudeng (知之罗-老姆登) dialect: southern Fugong County 福贡县, in Pihe 匹河怒族乡,[6] Zhizhiluo 知之罗,[7][8] Laomudeng 老姆登,[9] Miangu 棉古,[10] Shawa 沙瓦,[11] Zileng 子楞[12] (4,000 speakers)
- Northern, also known as the Wawa-Kongtong (瓦娃-空通) dialect: Fugong County 福贡县, in Wawa 瓦娃,[13][14] Kongtong 空通,[15][16] Youduoluo 有夺洛[17] (2,000 speakers)
The divergent Liangsu dialect (良苏话) is spoken in by about 3,000 people in the following locations of Fugong County, Yunnan.[18][19]
- Zilijia Township 子里甲乡: Jianu 甲怒, Mazudi 马祖底, Jiada 甲打, Lamujia 腊母甲, Jiache 加车
- Jiakedi Township 架科底乡: Jiake 架科, La'anjia 腊安甲
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | (Alveolo-) Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | |||||||
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| unvoiced | m̥ | n̥ | ||||||
| Stop/ Affricate | voiced | b | d | dz | ɖʐ | dʑ | ɡ | |
| unvoiced | p | t | ts | ʈʂ | tɕ | k | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tsʰ | ʈʂʰ | tɕʰ | kʰ | ||
| Fricative | unvoiced | f | s | ʂ | ɕ | x | h | |
| voiced | v | z | ʐ | ʑ | ɣ | |||
| Approximant | voiced | l | j | w | ||||
| unvoiced | l̥ | |||||||
Tones
Nusu has seven tones:
| Tone | IPA |
|---|---|
| High | ˥ |
| High falling | ˥˧ |
| Creaky low | ˩ˀ |
| Low | ˩ |
| Creaky high | ˥ˀ |
| Rising-falling | ˨˦˨ |
| Mid | ˧ |
References
- ^ a b Nusu at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡果科村委会". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡普洛村委会". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡托坪村委会". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡架究村委会". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-12-30. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡知子罗村委会". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡知子罗村委会知子罗 达罗". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡老姆登村委会". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡棉谷村委会". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡沙瓦村委会沙瓦". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡沙瓦村委会子楞". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡瓦娃村委会瓦娃一". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡瓦娃村委会瓦娃二". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡瓦娃村委会空通一". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡瓦娃村委会空通二". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ "福贡县匹河怒族乡瓦娃村委会优夺罗". Archived from the original on 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2018-12-30.
- ^ Chen, Haihong [陈海宏]; Tan, Liya [谭丽亚]. 2022. Yunnan binwei Nuyu Liangsuhua ynajiu [云南濒危怒语良苏话研究]. Beijing: Minzu chubanshe [民族出版社].
- ^ Ye, Shifu [叶世富]. 2007. Jianu Liangsu Nuyu [甲怒良苏怒语]. Unpublished manuscript.
External links
- Nusu language site
- v
- t
- e
(by state or region)
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| Immigrant language | |
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| Working language |
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
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| Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
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| Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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| East and Southeast Asia |
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| Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
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| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||
