Globe (human eye)

Region of the eyeball apart from its appendages

Globe
Schematic diagram of the human eye.
Details
Artery	anterior ciliary arteries, long posterior ciliary arteries, short posterior ciliary arteries
Identifiers
Latin	bulbus oculi
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

The globe of the eye, or bulbus oculi, is the frontmost sensory organ of the human ocular system, going from the cornea at the front, to the anterior part of the optic nerve at the back. More simply, the eyeball itself, as well as the ganglion cells in the retina that eventually transmit visual signals through the optic nerve. ^[1] A hollow structure, the bulbus oculi is composed of a wall enclosing a cavity filled with fluid with three coats: the sclera, choroid, and the retina.^[2] Normally, the bulbus oculi is bulb-like structure.^[3] However, the bulbus oculi is not completely spherical. Its anterior surface, transparent and more curved, is known as the cornea of the bulbus oculi.

The main purpose of the bulbus oculi is to refract photons passing through the cornea, pupil, and lens to focus onto the retina, where the photons in the refracted light rays trigger electric and chemical reactions within the layers of the retina, specifically the fovea centralis. These reactions are then passed as electrical signals through the optic nerve into the posterior section of the human ocular system (which takes place in the brain). ^[4]

References

^ "Globe of eye ", Biology Online, 2009-08-20. Retrieved on 2009-08-20.
^ Bailey, Frederick Randolph (1920). Text-book of histology (6 ed.). University of California: W. Wood.
^ TMB. "Wall of the Bulbus Oculi". Tpub.com. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
^ "Eye Globe Anatomy ", Medscape, 2017-11-09. Retrieved on 2023-08-01.

Anatomy of the globe of the human eye

Fibrous tunic
(outer)

Sclera	Episcleral layer Schlemm's canal Trabecular meshwork
Cornea	Limbus layers Epithelium Bowman's Stroma Dua's layer Descemet's Endothelium

Uvea / vascular
tunic (middle)

Choroid	Capillary lamina of choroid Bruch's membrane Sattler's layer
Ciliary body	Ciliary processes Ciliary muscle Pars plicata Pars plana
Iris	Stroma Pupil Iris dilator muscle Iris sphincter muscle

Retina (inner)

Layers	Inner limiting membrane Nerve fiber layer Ganglion cell layer Inner plexiform layer Inner nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer Outer nuclear layer External limiting membrane Layer of rods and cones Retinal pigment epithelium
Cells	Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retina ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) → Diencephalon: P cell, M cell, K cell, Muller glia
Other	Macula Perifoveal area Parafoveal area Fovea Foveal avascular zone Foveola Optic disc Optic cup Ora serrata

Anatomical regions
of the eye

Anterior segment	Adnexa (Eyebrow, Eyelid, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal system, Orbit) Fibrous tunic Anterior chamber Aqueous humour Iris Posterior chamber Ciliary body Lens Capsule of lens Zonule of Zinn
Posterior segment	Vitreous chamber Vitreous body Retina Choroid