To Be or Not to Be (film, 1942)

6. 3. 1942 (1942-03-06)

Trajanje99 min.Zemlja

To Be or Not to Be (sh. Biti ili ne biti) je američka crno-bijela filmska komedija snimljena 1942. u režiji Ernsta Lubitscha, koja se smatra jednim od najboljih ostvarenja njegove filmografije.

Protagonisti su pripadnici glumačke trupe u Varšavi na čelu sa Josephom Turom (čiji lik tumači Jack Benny), čija lijepa supruga Maria (koju glumi Carole Lombard) počinje ljubavnu vezu s naočitim zrakoplovcem poručnikom Sobinskim (čiji lik tumači Robert Stack). Radnja prikazuje kako svi oni, nakon što je Poljsku napala i okupirala nacistička Njemačka moraju nadvladati lične probleme i iskoristiti sve svoje vještine kako bi pomogli pokretu otpora.

Nastao je na osnovu originalne zamisli Lubitschevog suradnika Melchiora Lengyela, prema kojoj je ispočetka i sam Lubitsch bio skeptičan, smatrajući kako nije dobro da se tako ozbiljna i prijeko aktualna tema kao drugi svjetski rat koristi kao podloga za "laganu" screwball komediju. Kada se na kraju odlučio snimiti film, uloge glavnog glumca je povjerio popularnom njujorškom komičaru Jacku Bennyju, čija je partnerica trebala biti Miriam Hopkins. Njih dvoje se, međutim, nisu najbolje slagali na setu, te ju je Lubitsch zamijenio s Carole Lombard, oduševljenom tome što će konačno glumiti u filmu u produkciji United Artists i tako u svoju filmografiju pribilježiti sve tadašnje velike hollywoodske studije. Lombard je, pak, Lubitscha nagovorila da angažira njenog starog prijatelja, tada mladog i relativnog nepoznatog Roberta Stacka kome će to biti odskočna daska za dalju karijeru. Za Lombard je to bio posljednji film; nedugo nakon snimanja je otišla na turneju priredbi za prikupljanje ratnih obveznica i stradala u avionskoj nesreći. To Be or Not to Be je premijerno prikazan nepuna dva mjeseca kasnije.

Film je premijeru imao u kritičnom trenutku kada su Sile Osovine još uvijek pobjeđivale na većini bojišta. Brojni kritičari su zato žestoko napali film zbog "neozbiljnosti" i "nepriličnosti" pristupa aktualnim događajima, tjerajući samog Lubitscha da s njima raspravlja preko otvorenih pisama u novinama. Kasnije je, međutim, To Be or Not to Be prihvaćen kao jedno od klasičnih ostvarenja hollywoodske komedije.

Godine 1983. je Mel Brooks režirao istoimeni remake, a 2008. je u Indiji snimljena i bollywoodska verzija pod naslovom Maan Gaye Mughal-e-Azam s radnjom premještenom u moderno doba i kontekstom indijsko-pakistanskih obavještajnih spletki.

Uloge

Carole Lombard ... Maria Tura, glumica u Poljskoj pod nacističkom okupacijom.
Jack Benny ... Joseph Tura, glumac i Marijin suprug.
Robert Stack ... Por. Stanislav Sobinski, poljski zrakoplovac zaljubljen u Mariju.
Felix Bressart ... Greenberg, jevrejski član glumačke trupe koji glumi sporedne uloge i sanja o tome da glumi Shylocka.
Lionel Atwill ... Rawich, nesposobni glumac u trupi.
Stanley Ridges ... Profesor Alexander Siletsky, nacistički špijun koji se izdaje za pripadnika poljskog pokreta otpora i nastoji zavesti Mariju kako bi je natjerao da i ona špijunira za naciste.
Sig Ruman ... Puk. Ehrhardt, nesposobni komandant Gestapoa u Varšavi.
Tom Dugan ... Bronski, član glumačke trupe koji imitira Hitlera.

Vanjske veze

To Be or Not to Be (1942) na sajtu IMDb
To Be or Not to Be (1942) na AllMovie-u (en)
To Be or Not to Be (1942) na filmskoj bazi podataka TCM
To Be or Not To Be (1942) na Rotten Tomatoes-u (en)
To Be or Not to Be (1942) Movie stills and literature
To Be or Not to Be on Screen Guild Theater: January 18, 1943

Filmovi koje je režirao Ernst Lubitsch

1910-e

Als ich tot war
Die Augen der Mumie Ma
Carmen
Rausch
Die Puppe
Meine Frau, die Filmschauspielerin
Die Austernprinzessin
Madame Du Barry

1920-e

Sumurun
Anna Boleyn
Die Bergkatze
Das Weib des Pharao
Die Flamme
Rosita
The Marriage Circle
Three Women
Forbidden Paradise
Kiss Me Again
Lady Windermere's Fan
So This is Paris
The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg
The Patriot
Eternal Love
The Love Parade

1930-e

Monte Carlo
Paramount on Parade (co-director)
The Smiling Lieutenant
Broken Lullaby
One Hour With You
Une heure près de toi
Trouble in Paradise
Design for Living
La Veuve joyeuse
The Merry Widow
Angel
Bluebeard's Eighth Wife
Ninotchka

1940-e

The Shop Around the Corner
That Uncertain Feeling
To Be or Not to Be
Heaven Can Wait
A Royal Scandal
Cluny Brown
That Lady in Ermine

kratki

Fräulein Seifenschaum
Aufs Eis geführt
Blindekuh
Zucker und Zimmt
Der erste Patient
Der letzte Anzug
Der Kraftmeier
Wo ist mein Schatz?
Schuhpalast Pinkus
Der gemischte Frauenchor
Das schönste Geschenk
Der G.m.b.H. Tenor
Leutnant auf Befehl
Seine neue Nase
Ossis Tagebuch
Der Blusenkönig
Wenn vier Dasselbe tun
Das fidele Gefängnis
Prinz Sami
Der Rodelkavalier
Der Fall Rosentopf
Ich möchte kein Mann sein
Das Mädel vom Ballet
Meyer aus Berlin
Das Schwabenmädel
Kohlhiesels Töchter
Romeo und Julia im Schnee
If I Had A Million (segment "The Clerk")

Filmovi čiji je autor Alexander Korda

kao režiser

1910-e	Watchhouse in the Carpathians (1914) The Duped Journalist (1914) Tutyu and Totyo (1914) Lea Lyon (1915) The Officer's Swordknot (1915) White Nights (1916) The Grandmother (1916) Tales of the Typewriter (1916) The Man with Two Hearts (1916) The One Million Pound Note (1916) Cyclame (1916) Struggling Hearts (1916) The Laughing Saskia (1916) Miska the Magnate (1916) St. Peter's Umbrella (1917) The Stork Caliph (1917) Magic (1917) Harrison and Barrison (1917) Faun (1918) The Man with the Golden Touch (1918) Mary Ann (1918) Ave Caesar! (1919) White Rose (1919) Yamata (1919) Neither in Nor Out (1919) Number 111 (1919)
1920-e	The Prince and the Pauper (1920) Masters of the Sea (1922) A Vanished World (1922) Samson and Delilah (1922) The Unknown Tomorrow (1923) Folly of Doubt (1924) Everybody's Woman (1924) Tragedy in the House of Habsburg (1924) Dancing Mad (1925) Madame Wants No Children (1926) A Modern Dubarry (1927) The Stolen Bride (1927) The Private Life of Helen of Troy (1927) Yellow Lily (1928) Night Watch (1928) Love and the Devil (1929) The Squall (1929) Her Private Life (1929)
1930-e	Lilies of the Field (1930) Women Everywhere (1930) The Princess and the Plumber (1930) Die Männer um Lucie (1931) Rive gauche (1931) Marius (1931) Längtan till havet (1931) The Golden Anchor (1932) Service for Ladies (1932) Wedding Rehearsal (1932) The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933) La dame de chez Maxim's (1933) The Girl from Maxim's (1933) The Private Life of Don Juan (1934) Rembrandt (1936)
1940-e	That Hamilton Woman (1941) Perfect Strangers (1945) An Ideal Husband (1947)

samo kao producent

1930-e	Women Who Play (1932) Men of Tomorrow (1932) That Night in London (1932) Strange Evidence (1933) Counsel's Opinion (1933) Cash (1933) Catherine the Great (1934) The Private Life of the Gannets (1934) (kratki) The Scarlet Pimpernel (1934) Things Are Looking Up (1935) Sanders of the River (1935) Wharves and Strays (1935) (kratki) The Ghost Goes West (1935) Miss Bracegirdle Does Her Duty (1936) (kratki) The Fox Hunt (1936) Things to Come (1936) I Stand Condemned (1936) Men Are Not Gods (1936) Forget Me Not (1936) The Man Who Could Work Miracles (1936) Fire Over England (1937) I, Claudius (1937) (nedovršen) Dark Journey (1937) Elephant Boy (1937) Farewell Again (1937) Storm in a Teacup (1937) Action for Slander (1937) Knight Without Armour (1937) The Squeaker (1937) Return of the Scarlet Pimpernel (1937) Paradise for Two (1937) The Divorce of Lady X (1938) The Drum (1938) South Riding (1938) The Challenge (1938) Prison Without Bars (1938) Q Planes (1939) The Four Feathers (1939) The Rebel Son (1939) The Spy in Black (1939) The Lion Has Wings (1939) Over the Moon (1939)
1940-e	21 Days (1940) Conquest of the Air (1940) The Thief of Bagdad (1940) Old Bill and Son (1941) Lydia (1941) To Be or Not to Be (1942) Jungle Book (1942) The Biter Bit (1943) (kratki) The Shop at Sly Corner (1947) A Man about the House (1947) Mine Own Executioner (1947) Night Beat (1948) Anna Karenina (1948) The Winslow Boy (1948) The Fallen Idol (1948) Bonnie Prince Charlie (1948) That Dangerous Age (1949) The Last Days of Dolwyn (1949) Saints and Sinners (1949) The Third Man (1949)
1950-e	The Cure for Love (1950) The Happiest Days of Your Life (1950) The Angel with the Trumpet (1950) The Bridge of Time (1950) (kratki dokumentarni film) My Daughter Joy (1950) State Secret (1950) The Wooden Horse (1950) Seven Days to Noon (1950) Lady Godiva Rides Again (1951) The Wonder Kid (1951) Mr. Denning Drives North (1952) Outcast of the Islands (1952) Home at Seven (1952) Who Goes There! (1952) Cry. the Beloved Country (1952) Edinburgh (1952) (kratki dokumentarni film) Road to Canterbury (1952) (kratki dokumentarni film) The Sound Barrier (1952) The Holly and the Ivy (1952) The Ringer (1953) Folly to Be Wise (1953) Twice Upon a Time (1953) The Captain's Paradise (1953) The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan (1953) The Man Between (1953) The Heart of the Matter (1954) Hobson's Choice (1954) The Belles of St Trinian's (1954) The Teckman Mystery (1954) The Man Who Loved Redheads (1955) Three Cases of Murder (1955) A Kid for Two Farthings (1955) The Deep Blue Sea (1955) Summertime (1955) Storm Over the Nile (1955) Richard III (1955) Smiley (1956)