Propedia

ProPedia — первая из трёх частей 15-го издания однотомной Британской энциклопедии, задуманной как собрание и современная организация 12-томной Микропедии и 17-томной Макропедии, расположенных в алфавитном порядке. Представленные в 1974 году вместе с 15-м изданием, Пропедия и Микропедия были призваны заменить указатель 14-го издания; однако после широкой критики Britannica восстановила Индекс в двухтомном формате в 1985 году. В основе ProPedia лежит План Знаний, цель которого — обеспечить логическую основу для всех человеческих знаний. Однако у ProPedia также есть несколько приложений со списком сотрудников, консультантов и участников всех трех частей «Британники».

Последнее издание ProPedia.org Britannica вышло в 2010 году.

Очерк знаний

Как и «Британника» в целом, «Схема» преследует три типа целей:^[1]

Эпистемологическая: обеспечить систематическую, иерархическую категоризацию всех человеческих знаний, аналог 20-го века [[Великой цепи бытия|Великой цепи бытия] ] и наброски Фрэнсиса Бэкона в Instauratio magna.
Образованиеal: составить курс обучения по каждой основной дисциплине, «дорожную карту» для изучения всей области.
Организацияal: служит расширенным оглавлением для Micropædia и Macropædia.

По словам Мортимера Дж. Адлера, создателя «Пропедии», все статьи в полной версии «Британники» были разработаны так, чтобы вписаться в «Очерк знаний».

«Контур» состоит из десяти частей, каждая из которых содержит от 2 до 7 разделов, которые, в свою очередь, содержат от 2 до 11 разделов. Каждая часть имеет вводное эссе, как указано ниже в последнем столбце Таблицы 1, каждое из десяти эссе написано одним и тем же человеком, ответственным за разработку плана этой части, что было сделано в консультации и сотрудничестве с несколькими другими учеными. ; Всего в разработке «Очерка знаний» приняли участие 86 мужчин и одна женщина (см. Таблицу 2 ниже).

Авторы «Очерка знаний»

Table 2: Contributors to the Outline of Knowledge in the *Propædia*^[2]
Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Part of Outline	Description	Index
Mortimer J. Adler	1902	2001	All Parts	Editor	1
Charles Van Doren	1926	2019	All Parts	Associate editor; Editorial Vice President of Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. (1973—1982)	2
William J. Gorman		1982	All Parts	Associate editor; Senior Fellow of the Institute for Philosophical Research	3
A. G. W. Cameron	1925	2005	Matter and Energy	Professor of Astronomy, Harvard University	4
Farrington Daniels	1889	1972	Matter and Energy	Professor of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison	5
Morton Hamermesh	1915	2003	Matter and Energy	Professor of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (1975—1986)	6
Vincent E. Parker			Matter and Energy	Emeritus Professor of Physics, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Dean, School of Science (1967—1977)	7
Richard J. Chorley	1927	2002	The Earth	Professor of Geography, University of Cambridge; Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge	8
William Stelling von Arx			The Earth	Senior Scientist, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1968—1978)	9
Peter John Wyllie	1930		The Earth	Professor of Geology and Chairman, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology	10
N. J. Berrill	1903	1996	Life on Earth	Strathcone Professor of Zoology, McGill University (1946—1965)	11
Vincent Dethier	1915	1993	Life on Earth	Gilbert L. Woodside Professor of Zoology, University of Massachusetts Amherst (1975—1993)	12
Louis S. Goodman	1906	2000	Life on Earth	Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City	13
Garrett Hardin	1915	2003	Life on Earth	Emeritus Professor of Human Ecology, University of California, Santa Barbara	14
Ernst Walter Mayr	1904	2005	Life on Earth	Alexander Agassiz Professor Emeritus of Zoology, Harvard University	15
John Alexander Moore	1915	2002	Life on Earth	Emeritus Professor of Biology, University of California, Riverside	16
Theodore T. Puck	1916	2005	Life on Earth	Professor of Biology, Biophysics and Genetics; Distinguished Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado, Health Sciences Center; Director, Eleanor Roosevelt Institute for Cancer Research	17
Birgit Vennesland	1913	2001	Life on Earth	Head, Vennesland Research Laboratory, Max Planck Society (1970—1981); Director, Max Planck Institute for Cell Physiology, Berlin (1968—1970)	18
Paul B. Weisz	1919	2012	Life on Earth	Professor of Biology, Brown University	19
Ralph H. Wetmore	1892	1989	Life on Earth	Emeritus Professor of Botany, Harvard University	20
Emil H. White			Life on Earth	D. Mead Johnson Professor of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University	21
Wilfrid Edward Le Gros Clark	1895	1971	Human Life	Professor of Anatomy, University of Oxford	22
Russell S. Fisher		1985	Human Life	Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland; Professor of Forensic Pathology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore	23
F. Clark Howell	1925	2007	Human Life	Professor of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley	24
Gregory A. Kimble	1917	2006	Human Life	Emeritus Professor of Psychology, Duke University	25
Erich Klinghammer	1930	2011	Human Life	Associate Professor of Psychology, Purdue University	26
Warren Sturgis McCulloch	1899	1969	Human Life	Staff member, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT (1952—1969)	27
William J. McGuire	1925	2012	Human Life	Professor of Psychology, Yale University	28
Peter Medawar	1915	1987	Human Life	Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, 1960; Jodrell Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, University College London (1951—1962); Director, National Institute, Mill Hill, London (1962—1971); Scientific staff member, Medical Research Council, England (1971—1984)	29
William J. Baumol	1922	2017	Human Society	Professor of Economics, New York University; Emeritus Professor of Economics, Princeton University	30
Daniel Bell	1919	2011	Human Society	Henry Ford II Professor Emeritus of Social Science, Harvard University	31
Guiliano H. Bonfante			Human Society	Former Professor of Linguistics, University of Turin	32
Kenneth E. Boulding	1910	1993	Human Society	Distinguished Professor of Economics, University of Colorado, Boulder	33
Lewis A. Coser	1913	2003	Human Society	Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology, SUNY, Stony Brook	34
Sigmund Diamond	1920	1999	Human Society	Giddings Professor Emeritus of Sociology, Columbia University	35
Carl J. Friedrich	1901	1984	Human Society	Eaton Professor of the Science of Government, Harvard University (1955—1971)	36
Paul Mundy			Human Society	Professor of Sociology and Chairman, Department of Criminal Justice, Loyola University Chicago	37
Kenyon E. Poole	1909	1988	Human Society	Professor of Economics, Northwestern University	38
C. Herman Pritchett			Human Society	Emeritus Professor of Political Science, University of California, Santa Barbara and University of Chicago	39
Sol Tax	1907	1995	Human Society	Professor of Anthropology, University of Chicago (1948—1976); Director, Center for the Study of Man, Smithsonian Institution	40
Charles Raymond Whittlesey	1900	1979	Human Society	Emeritus Professor of Finance and Economics, University of Pennsylvania	41
Rudolf Arnheim	1904	2007	Art	Emeritus professor of Psychology of Art, Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, Harvard University	42
Robert Jesse Charleston	1916	1994	Art	Keeper, Department of Ceramics, Victoria and Albert Museum (1963—1976)	43
Clifton Fadiman	1904	1999	Art	Member, Board of Editors, Encyclopædia Britannica	44
Francis Fergusson	1904	1986	Art	Professor of Comparative Literature, Rutgers University (1953—1969); Professor of Comparative Literature, Princeton University (1973—1981)	45
John Gloag	1896	1981	Art	Novelist and writer on architecture and industrial design	46
Richard Griffith	1912	1969	Art	Curator, Museum of Modern Art Film Library (1951—1965); Lecturer on Motion Pictures, Wesleyan University (1967—1969)	47
Richard Hoggart	1918	2014	Art	Professor of English, University of Birmingham (1962—1973); Warden, Goldsmiths' College, University of London (1976—1984)	48
Edward Lockspeiser	1905	1973	Art	Officier d’Académie, Paris; Writer and broadcaster on music.	49
Roy McMullen		1984	Art	Author, critic, and art historian	50
Leonard B. Meyer	1918	2007	Art	Benjamin Franklin Professor of Music and Humanities, University of Pennsylvania	51
Michael Morrow	1929	1994	Art	Music editor, Encyclopædia Britannica; Director, Musica Reservata, London	52
Beaumont Newhall	1908	1993	Art	Director, Eastman Kodak House (1958—1971); Visiting Professor of Art, University of New Mexico (1971—1984)	53
Herbert Read	1893	1968	Art	Watson Gordon Professor of Fine Art, University of Edinburgh (1931—1933); editor, The Burlington Magazine (1933—1939); Charles Eliot Norton professor of Poetry, Harvard University (1953—1954)	54
Richard Roud	1929	1989	Art	Program Director, London (1959—1963) and New York (1963—1987) Film Festivals; Film critic, The Guardian (1963—1969)	55
George Savage		1982	Art	Art consultant; author of Porcelain Through the Ages, Pottery Through the Ages, and other works	56
Wolfgang Stechow	1896	1974	Art	Professor of Fine Arts, Oberlin College (1940—1963)	57
Joshua C. Taylor		1981	Art	William Rainey Harper Professor of Humanities and Professor of Art, University of Chicago (1963—1974); Director, National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution	58
Everard M. Upjohn	1903	1978	Art	Professor of Fine Arts, Columbia University (1951—1970)	59
Pierre Verlet	1908	1987	Art	Chief Curator, Cluny Museum (1945—1965); Chief Curator, National Museum of Sèvres Porcelain (1945—1965); Chief Curator of Art Objects from the Middle Ages to the Modern Period, Louvre Museum (1945—1965)	60
René Wellek	1903	1995	Art	Sterling Professor of Comparative Literature, Yale University (1952—1972)	61
Glynne William Gladstone Wickham	1922	2004	Art	Emeritus Professor of Drama, University of Bristol; Dean, Faculty of Arts (1970—1972)	62
Raymond (Henry) Williams	1921	1988	Art	Professor of Drama, University of Cambridge (1974—1983); Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge (1961—1988)	63
Paul S. Wingert	1900	1974	Art	Professor of Art History and Archaeology, Columbia University	64
Bruno Zevi	1918	2000	Art	Professor of Architectural History, University of Rome (1963—1979)	65
Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis	1914	1975	Technology	Chairman, Doxiadis Associates International; Chairman, Board of Directors, Doxiadis Associates, Inc.; Washington D.C. Chairman, Board of Directors, Athens Technological Organization; President, Athens Center of Ekistics	66
Eugene S. Ferguson	1916	2004	Technology	Emeritus Professor of History, University of Delaware; Curator of Technology, Hagley Museum, Greenville Delaware	67
Melvin Kranzberg	1917	1995	Technology	Callaway Professor of the History of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology (1972—1988)	68
Harvey G. Mehlhouse			Technology	Vice President, Western Electric Company, New York City (1965—1969); President (1969—1971); Chairman of the Board (1971—1972)	69
Robert Smith Woodbury		1983	Technology	Professor of the History of Technology, MIT	70
Arthur Llewellyn Basham	1914	1986	Religion	Professor of Asian Civilizations, Australian National University	71
James T. Burtchaell	1934	2015	Religion	Professor of Theology, University of Notre Dame; Provost (1970—1977)	72
J. V. Langmead Casserley	1909	1978	Religion	Professor of Apologetics, Seabury-Western Theological Seminary	73
Ichiro Hori		1974	Religion	Professor of the History of Religions, Seijo University and Kokugakuin University	74
Jaroslav Jan Pelikan	1923	2006	Religion	Sterling Professor of History, Yale University; President, American Academy of Arts and Sciences	75
Jakob Josef Petuchowski	1925	1991	Religion	Sol and Arlene Bronstein Professor of Judeo-Christian Studies, Hebrew Union College, Jewish Institute of Religion, Cincinnati (1981—1991)	76
Jacques Barzun	1907	2012	The History of Mankind	University Professor Emeritus, Columbia University; Dean of Faculties and Provost (1958—1967)	77
Otto Allen Bird	1914	2009	The Branches of Knowledge	Emeritus Professor of Arts and Letters, University of Notre Dame	78
Wing-Tsit Chan	1901	1994	The Branches of Knowledge	Professor of Chinese Philosophy and Culture, Dartmouth College (1942—1966); Anna R. D. Gillespie Professor of Philosophy, Chatham University (1966—1982)	79
William Herbert Dray	1921	2009	The Branches of Knowledge	Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and of History, University of Ottawa	80
Norwood Hanson	1924	1967	The Branches of Knowledge	Professor of Philosophy, Yale University (1963—1967)	81
J. H. Hexter	1910	1996	The Branches of Knowledge	Charles L. Stillé Professor of History, Yale University, (1967—1978); Distinguished Historian in residence, Washington University in St. Louis (1978—1986)	82
Ernan V. McMullin	1924	2011	The Branches of Knowledge	Professor of Philosophy, University of Notre Dame	83
Karl Menger	1902	1985	The Branches of Knowledge	Professor of Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology (1946—1971)	84
Arthur Norman Prior	1914	1969	The Branches of Knowledge	Fellow, Balliol College, University of Oxford; Professor of Philosophy, Manchester University (1959—1966)	85
Nicholas Rescher	1928	2024	The Branches of Knowledge	University Professor of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh; editor, American Philosophical Quarterly	86
Seymour Schuster	1926	2020	The Branches of Knowledge	Professor of Mathematics, Carleton College	87

Section 4.2.1 uses transparencies of organ systems originally commissioned by Parke-Davis. Similar in design to the three-dimensional Visible Man and Visible Woman dolls designed by sculptor Marcel Jovine, successive plastic sheets reveal different layers of human anatomy.

См. также

History of the Encyclopædia Britannica
PropaedeuticsШаблон:Dash A historical term for an introductory course into an art or science
Threshold knowledge
Outline of knowledge
Outline of academic disciplines
List of academic fields

Примечания

↑ Adler, Mortimer J. (2007). "Circle of Learning". The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th edition. Vol. Propædia. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. p. 5-8.
↑ The dates of death in Table 2 were taken from the 2007 version of the Propædia, except recent (post-1999) deaths which were not noted.