Kwalliso

Kwalliso atau kwan-li-so, adalah salah satu dari tiga bentuk penahanan di Korea Utara, dua lainnya adalah Hawk[1] yang diterjemahkan menjadi "penahanan jangka pendek/pusat buruh paksa"[2] dan "kamp buruh penjara jangka panjang".[3] Sekitar 80.000 sampai 120.000 orang menjadi tahanan politik di negara tersebut.

Referensi

  1. ^ Hawk, David. "The Hidden Gulag–Exposing North Korea's Prison Camps" (PDF). The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2012-09-21.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
  2. ^ Hangul: 집결소; Hanja: 集結所; RR: jipgyeolso; MR: chipkyŏlso, artinya "tempat berkumpul"
  3. ^ Hangul: 교화소; Hanja: 敎化所; RR: gyohwaso; MR: kyohwaso, artinya "tempat reedukasi"

Bacaan tambahan

  • Harden, Blaine (2012). Escape from Camp 14: One Man's Remarkable Odyssey from North Korea to Freedom in the West. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-02332-5. 

Pranala luar

  • Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea—detailed report, resources include maps and satellite photographs of camps
  • Amnesty International: North Korea: Political Prison Camps - Document on conditions in North Korean prison camps
  • "Political Prison Camps in North Korea Today" (PDF). Database Center for North Korean Human Rights. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-10-19.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)–Comprehensive analysis of various aspects of life in political prison camps
  • Freedom House: Concentrations of inhumanity Diarsipkan 2011-09-08 di Wayback Machine.–Analysis of the phenomena of repression associated with North Korea's political labor camps
  • Christian Solidarity Worldwide: North Korea: A case to answer–a call to act–Report to emphasize the urgent need to respond to mass killings, arbitrary imprisonment, torture and related international crimes
  • Washington Post: North Koreas Hard Labor Camps - Explore North Korean prison camps with interactive map
  • Stanton, Joshua. "North Korea's Largest Concentration Camps on Google Earth". One Free Korea. 
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