Yugh language : Phonology, Notes Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Yugh language

Extinct Yeniseian language of Russia

Yugh
Sym Ket
Дьук Ďuk
Pronunciation	[ɟuk]
Native to	Russia
Region	Yenisei River
Ethnicity	Yugh people
Extinct	1991^[1]
Language family	Dené–Yeniseian? Proto-Yeniseian Yeniseian Northern Yeniseian Yugh
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`yug`
Linguist List	`yug`
Glottolog	`yugh1239` `yugh1240` additional bibliography
ELP	Yug

Yugh (/ˈjuːɡ/ YOOG; Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia.^[2] It was once regarded as a dialect of the Ket language, which was considered to be a language isolate, and was therefore called Sym Ket or Southern Ket; however, the Ket considered it to be a distinct language. By the early 1990s there were only two or three fluent speakers remaining, and the language was virtually extinct. The 2002 Census recorded 19 ethnic Yugh in all of Russia.^[3] In the 2010 census, only one ethnic Yugh was counted,^[4] while in the 2020 census, 7 ethnic Yugh were counted, 2 of them stating that they were speakers of Yugh.^[5]

Phonology

Vowels

Vowels of Yugh^[6]
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i [i]	ɨ [ɨ]	u [u]
Close-mid	e [e]	ə [ə]	o [o]
Open-mid	ɛ [ɛ]	ʌ [ʌ]	ɔ [ɔ]
Open		a [a]

Consonants

Consonants of Yugh^[6]
		Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Laryngeal/ Pharyngeal
Plosive	voiceless	p [p]	t [t]	tʼ [tʲ]	k [k]	(q [q])	ʔ [ʔ]
Plosive	voiced	b [b]	d [d]	dʼ [dʲ]	g [g]
Fricative	voiceless	f [f]	s [s]/š/šʼ			χ [χ]
Fricative	voiced	(v [v])	z [z]/ž/žʼ	j [j]	[ɣ]	(R [ʁ])
Affricate			(c [t͡s])	čʼ [t͡ʃ]
Nasal		m [m]	n [n]	nʼ [nʲ]	ŋ [ŋ]
Trill			[r]
Lateral			l [l]/lʼ [lʲ]

Notes

^ Vajda, Edward J. (2004). Ket. Languages of the world Materials. München: LINCOM Europa. ISBN 978-3-89586-221-2.
^ Vajda, Edward J. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original on 2019-04-06. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
^ 2002 Russian census data
^ 2010 Russian census data
^ "Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020". rosstat.gov.ru. Retrieved 2023-01-03.
^ ^a ^b Werner, Heinrich (1997). Das Jugische (sym-ketische). Veröffentlichungen der societa uralo-altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-03999-4.

References

Vajda, Edward J., Yeniseian Peoples and Languages : A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide, Curzon Press: 2002 ISBN 0-7007-1290-9.