Vittaria

Genus of ferns

Vittaria

Vittaria lineata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Family:	Pteridaceae
Subfamily:	Vittarioideae
Genus:	Vittaria Sm.
Type species
Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.
Synonyms
Oetosis de Necker ex Greene 1900 non de Necker ex Kuntze 1891 Taeniopsis Smith 1841

Vittaria, the shoestring ferns,^[1] is a genus of ferns in the Vittarioideae subfamily of the family Pteridaceae.^[2] It had previously been placed in the family Vittariaceae,^[3] but that family is no longer recognized.^[4]

Vittaria consists of epiphytes, with simple, entire, narrowly linear fronds.^[5] It comprises six species, five of which are native to the neotropics. Vittaria isoetifolia is native to tropical Africa and islands of the southwestern Indian Ocean.^[6] Vittaria isoetifolia and Vittaria lineata are known, albeit rarely, in cultivation.^[7]

Vittaria was named by James Edward Smith in 1793 ^[8] in Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (Turin).^[9] The generic name is derived from the Latin, vitta, meaning "a band or ribbon".^[10]

In 1990, Vittaria was defined broadly and estimated to have between 50 and 80 species.^[3] The genus is difficult to divide into species, and many of the species are only doubtfully distinct. In a 1997 revision of the vittarioid ferns, only 34 species were recognized in Vittaria sensu lato.^[6] Twenty of these were transferred to Haplopteris and eight to Radiovittaria, leaving only six in Vittaria.^[6]

Phylogeny

Phylogeny of Vittaria^[11]^[12]

	V. isoetifolia Bory 1804

	V. lineata L. Sm. 1793 (Shoestring fern)

V. appalachiana Farrar & Mickel 1991 (Appalachian shoestring remote)

	V. graminifolia Kaulf. 1824 (Grass fern)

	V. scabrida Klotzsch ex Fée 1851 (doubtfully distinct from V. graminifolia)

Other species include:

V. flavicosta Mickel & Beitel 1988
V. longipes Sodiro 1893

References

^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Vittaria". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
^ Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2. ISSN 1179-3163.
^ ^a ^b Karl U. Kramer. 1990. "Vittariaceae". pages 272-277. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-0-387-51794-0
^ Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, and Paul G. Wolf. 2008. "Davalliaceae". pages 443-444. In: "Fern Classification". pages 417-467. In: Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler (editors). Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87411-3
^ David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
^ ^a ^b ^c Edmund H. Crane. 1997. "A Revised Circumscription of the Genera of the Fern Family Vittariaceae". Systematic Botany 22(3):509-517.
^ Anthony Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press,Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York. ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5 (set).
^ Vittaria in International Plant Names Index. (see External links below).
^ James Edward Smith. 1793. Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (Turin) 5:413, pl. 9.
^ Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume IV, page ?. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. ISBN 978-0-8493-2673-8 (set). (see External links below).
^ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256]. 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.

External links

Vittaria At: Plant Names At: IPNI
CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: R-Z At: Botany & Plant Science At: Life Science At: CRC Press
The Plant List
Smith's original diagnosis of the genus online at Project Gutenberg

Classification of Archaeplastida or Plantae s.l.

Domain

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryota

(major groups

Excavata

Diaphoretickes

Hacrobia

Rhizaria

Alveolata

Stramenopiles

Plants

Amorphea

Amoebozoa

Opisthokonta

Animals

Fungi)

Archaeplastida

Picozoa	Picomonas
Rhodelphidia	Rhodelphis
Rhodophyta (red algae)	Cyanidiophyceae Porphyridiophyceae Stylonematophyceae Compsopogonophyceae Rhodellophyceae Bangiophyceae Florideophyceae
Glaucophyta	Glaucocystophyceae
incertae sedis	Algospongia

Viridiplantae
or Plantae s.s.
(green algae &
land plants)

Prasinodermophyta	Prasinodermophyceae Palmophyllophyceae

Chlorophyta

Prasinophytina	Mamiellophyceae Pyramimonadophyceae
Chlorophytina	Nephroselmidophyceae Picocystophyceae Chloropicophyceae Pedinophyceae Chlorodendrophyceae UTC clade Ulvophyceae Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyceae

Streptophyta

Phragmoplastophyta

Anydrophyta

Zygnematophyceae

Embryophyta (land plants)	(see below↓)

Embryophytes or Plantae sensu strictissimo

Bryophytes

Marchantiophyta (liverworts)	Haplomitriopsida Marchantiopsida Jungermanniopsida
Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)	Leiosporocerotopsida Anthocerotopsida
Bryophyta (mosses)	Takakiopsida Sphagnopsida Andreaeobryopsida Andreaeopsida Oedipodiopsida Tetraphidopsida Polytrichopsida Bryopsida

Polysporangiophytes

†Protracheophytes*

†Horneophytopsida
†Aglaophyton

Tracheophytes
(vascular plants)

†Paratracheophytes*	†Cooksoniopsida †Rhyniopsida †Renaliales

Eutracheophytes

Lycophytes	†Barinophytopsida †Zosterophyllopsida Lycopodiopsida (clubmosses, spikemosses & quillworts)

Euphyllophytes

†Eophyllophytopsida
†Trimerophytopsida

Moniliformopses	†Ibykales †Cladoxylopsida Polypodiopsida (ferns and horsetails)

Lignophytes

†Progymnosperms*	†Noeggerathiopsida †Aneurophytopsida †Archaeopteridopsida †Protopityales

Spermatophytes
(seed plants)

†Pteridosperms* (seed ferns) and other extinct seed plant groups	†Bennettitales †Calamopityales †Callistophytales †Caytoniales †Cordaitales †Corystospermales †Czekanowskiales †Gigantopteridales †Glossopteridales †Lyginopteridopsida †Medullosales †Peltaspermopsida †Pentoxylopsida †Petriellales
Acrogymnospermae (living gymnosperms)	Cycadopsida (cycads) Ginkgoales (Ginkgo) Pinopsida (conifers) Gnetopsida
Angiospermae (flowering plants)	Basal angiosperms Core angiosperms Magnoliids Monocots Eudicots

Fern classification

Supergroup Plant:
Bryophyta
Marchantiophyta
Polypodiophyta
Acrogymnospermae
Angiospermae

Basal clade

†Ibykales
- †Ibykaceae

†Cladoxylopsida

†Cladoxylales
- †Cladoxylaceae
- †Voelkeliaceae
†Hyeniales
- †Hyeniaceae
†Iridopteridales
- †Iridopteridaceae
†Pseudosporochnales
- †Pseudosporochnaceae
†Steloxylales
- †Steloxylaceae

Polypodiopsida

†Stauropterididae

†Stauropteridales
- †Stauropteridaceae

†Zygopterididae

†Rhacophytales
- †Rhacophytaceae
†Zygopteridales
- †Zygopteridaceae

Equisetidae

†Pseudoborniales †Pseudoborniaceae †Sphenophyllales †Aspidostachyaceae †Boegendorfiaceae †Boegendorfiaceae †Eviostachyaceae †Sphenophyllaceae
Equisetales	†Asterocalamitaceae †Autophyllitaceae †Honseleriaceae †Archaeocalamitaceae †Paracalamitaceae †Calamitaceae †Apocalamitaceae †Konnostachyaceae †Manchurostachyaceae †Notocalamitaceae †Schizoneuraceae †Sorocaulinaceae †Echinostachyaceae †Gondwanostachyaceae †Tchernoviaceae Equisetaceae

Ophioglossidae

Psilotales	Psilotaceae
Ophioglossales	Ophioglossaceae

Marattiidae

Marattiales	†Knorripteridaceae †Pecopteridaceae †Ptychocarpaceae †Weichseliaceae †Asterothecaceae †Danaeopsidaceae Marattiaceae

Polypodiidae

†Anachoropteridales
- †Anachoropteridaceae
- †Psalixochlaenaceae
- †Sermayaceae
†Botryopteridiales
- †Botryopteridiaceae
†Senftenbergiales
- †Senftenbergiaceae
†Urnatopteridales
- †Crossothecaceae
- †Discopteridaceae
- †Urnatopteridaceae

Osmundales

†Guaireaceae
Osmundaceae

Hymenophyllales

Hymenophyllaceae

Gleicheniales

Schizaeales

†Acrostichopteridaceae
†Cynepteridaceae
†Klukiaceae
†Stachypteridaceae
†Tempskyaceae
Anemiaceae
Lygodiaceae
Schizaeaceae

Salviniales

†Heroleandraceae
Marsileaceae
†Hydropteridiaceae
Salviniaceae

Cyatheales

Thyrsopteridineae	Thyrsopteridaceae Loxsomataceae Plagiogyriaceae Culcitaceae
Cyatheineae	†Tanydoraceae Metaxyaceae Cibotiaceae Dicksoniaceae Cyatheaceae

Polypodiales

Saccolomatineae	Saccolomataceae
Lindsaeineae	Cystodiaceae Lonchitidaceae Lindsaeaceae
Pteridineae	Pteridaceae
Dennstaedtiineae	Dennstaedtiaceae
Aspleniineae	Cystopteridaceae Rhachidosoridaceae Diplaziopsidaceae Hemidictyaceae Desmophlebiaceae Aspleniaceae Thelypteridaceae Woodsiaceae Onocleaceae Blechnaceae Athyriaceae
Polypodiineae	Hypodematiaceae Didymochlaenaceae Dryopteridaceae Lomariopsidaceae Nephrolepidaceae Tectariaceae Oleandraceae Davalliaceae Polypodiaceae

Taxon identifiers
Vittaria	Wikidata: Q5873616 Wikispecies: Vittaria APDB: 201409 APNI: 115434 CoL: 873W EoL: 60555 EPPO: 1VTRG FNA: 134652 FoAO2: Vittaria GBIF: 2650240 GRIN: 17526 iNaturalist: 118735 IPNI: 30039180-2 IRMNG: 1299817 ITIS: 17730 NBN: NHMSYS0000494748 NCBI: 32183 Open Tree of Life: 1088900 PLANTS: VITTA POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30039180-2 Tropicos: 40024729 WFO: wfo-4000040387