List of marine gastropods of South Africa

List of the species of sea snails and sea slugs of South Africa
Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements

This list of marine gastropods of South Africa attempts to list all of the sea snails and sea slugs of South Africa, in other words the marine gastropod molluscs of that area. This list is a sub-list of the List of marine molluscs of South Africa.

Gastropods (/ˈɡæstrəpɒdz/), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (/ɡæsˈtrɒpədə/).

This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and from the land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, land snails and slugs.

The class Gastropoda is a diverse and highly successful class of mollusks within the phylum Mollusca. It contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. (Full article...)

Gastropoda

Marine gastropods in South Africa include:

Patellogastropoda

Patellidae - True limpets

  • Cellana radiata capensis (Gmelin, 1791)[1](Port Alfred to Kenya)[2] (syn. Cellana capensis Gmelin, Helcioniscus capensis (Gmelin, 1790), Patella capensis Gmelin, 1791)
  • Variable limpet Helcion concolor Krauss, 1848 (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
  • Helcion dunkeri Krauss, 1848 (Namibia to KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Prickly limpet Helcion pectunculus (Gmelin, 1791) (Namibia to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Rayed limpet Helcion pruinosis Krauss, 1848 (Cape Columbine to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2][3]
  • Patella aphanes (Robson, 1986) (Transkei to Cape Vidal)[2] (syn. Scutellastra aphanes)
  • Argenville's limpet Patella argenvillei Krauss, 1848 (Namibia to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2] (syn. Scutellastra argenvillei)
  • Bearded limpet Patella barbara Linnaeus, 1758 (Orange river to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2][3] (syn. Scutellastra barbara)
  • Pear limpet Patella cochlear Born, 1778 (Orange river to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2] (syn. Scutellastra cochlear)
  • Kelp limpet Patella compressa Linnaeus. 1758 (Namibia to Cape Point)[2][3] (syn. Cymbula compressa)
  • Patella flexuosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mzambique)[4] (syn. Scutellastra flexuosa)
  • Granite limpet Patella granatina Linnaeus, 1758 (Namibia to Cape Agulhas)[2] (syn. Cymbula granatina)
  • Granular limpet Patella granularis Linnaeus, 1758 (Namibia to KwaZulu-Natal north coast)[2] (syn. Scutellastra granularis)
  • Duck's foot or Long-spined limpet Patella longicosta Lamarck, 1819 (Cape Point to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2] (syn. Scutellastra longicosta)
  • Pink rayed limpet Patella miniata Born, 1778 (Namibia to Eastern Cape)[2][3] (syn. Cymbula miniata)
  • Patella obtecta Krauss, 1848 (Transkei to Kosi Bay)[2] (syn. Scutellastra obtecta)
  • Goat's eye limpet Patella oculus Born, 1778 (Cape Columbine to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2] (syn. Cymbula oculus)
  • Patella pica Reeve, 1854 (Zululand to Mozambique)[2] (syn. Scutellastra pica)
  • Patella sanguinans Reeve, 1856 (Transkei to Natal)[2] (syn. Cymbula sanguinans, Patella miniata sanguinans)
  • Giant limpet Patella tabularis Krauss, 1848 (Cape Point to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2][3] (syn. Scutellastra tabularis)

Lottiidae - True limpets

  • Dwarf limpet Patelloida profunda albonotata (Smith, E.A., 1910) (Eastern Cape to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2]

Vetigastropoda

Pleurotomariidae

Haliotidae - Abalone

Fissurellidae - Keyhole limpets

Fissurella mutabilis

Calliostomatidae

Trochidae

Turbinidae - Turban shells

Phasianellidae

Neritimorpha

Neritidae - Nerites

Caenogastropoda

Calyptraeidae - Slipper limpets

Hipponicidae - Hoof limpets

Littorinidae

  • Striped periwinkle Littoraria glabrata (Philippi, 1846) (Transkei to Mozambique)[2] (Syn. Littorina kraussi Rosewater, 1970, Littorina glabrata Philippi, 1846)
  • Estuarine periwinkles Littoraria scabra group. (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
  • African periwinkle Nodilittorina africana (Philippi, 1847) (Namibia to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Nodular periwinkle Nodilittorina natalensis Philippi, 1847 (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]

Assimineidae

  • Globular mud snail Assiminea globulus Connoly, 1939 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[2]
  • Assiminia ovata Krauss, 1848 (Knysna to Mozambique)[2]

Vermetidae - Worm shells

  • Colonial worm shell Dendropoma corallinaceus (Tomlin, 1939) (Orange river to Transkei)[2] (Keen & Morton listed as authors by WoRMS) (syn. Vermetus (Stoa) corallinaceus Tomlin, 1939)
  • Dendropoma thalia (Transkei to Natal)[2]
  • Solitary worm shell Serpulorbis natalensis Mörch, 1862 (Namaqualand to central Kwa-Zulu-Natal)[2][3]

Turritellidae

Potamididae

Cerithiidae

Xenophoridae

  • Stellaria gigantea (Schepman, 1909) (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Sun carrier shell Stellaria solaris (Linnaeus, 1764) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Stellaria testigera digitata (von Martens, 1878) (Namibia)[4]
  • Xenophora corrugata (Reeve, 1842) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Xenophora tulearensis Stewart & Kosuge, 1993 (Central KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]

Turridae

Cypraeidae - True cowries

Ovulidae

Velutinidae[1]

  • Coriocella nigra Blainville, 1824: Port Elizabeth and north[8] and Wild Coast to Mozambique.[4]
  • Lamellaria capensis (Bergh, 1907): Cape Point and north (?).[8]
  • Lamellaria leptoconcha (Bergh, 1907): Cape Point and north (?).[8]
  • Lamellaria perspicua (Linnaeus, 1758): Cape Point and north (?).[8]

Triviidae - Trivia[8][1]

  • Alaerato gallinacea (Hinds, 1844): Kei river mouth and north.
  • Cleotrivia globosa (Sowerby II, 1832): Port Alfred and north.
  • Dolichupis producta (Gaskoin, 1836): Leven Point (KwaZulu-Natal) north.
  • Eratoena sulcifera (Sowerby I, 1832): Jeffreys Bay and north.
  • Quasipusula vemacola (Liltved, 1987): Vema seamount, South Atlantic.
  • Semitrivia hallucinata (Liltved, 1984): Ledsman shoal [northern KwaZulu-Natal] and north.
  • Sulcerato recondita (Melvill and Standen, 1903): East London and north.
  • Trivellona suavis (Schilder, 1931): Cape Agulhas and north (?).
  • Baby's toes Triviella aperta (Swainson, 1822): Cape Agulhas to Transkei.[2][4]
  • Trivia sp. cf. Trivella aperta (Swainson, 1822): East London and north.
  • Triviella calvariola (Kilburn, 1980): Cape Agulhas to Great Fish Point.[4]
  • Trivia sp. cf. Triviella calvariola Kilburn, 1980: Cape St. Blaize and north.
  • Triviella costata (Gmelin, 1791): Cape Agulhas and north (?).
  • Triviella eratoides (Liltved 1986): Cape St. Blaize and north.
  • Triviella khanya (Liltved, 1986): Cape St. Blaize to East London.[4]
  • Triviella lemaitrei (Liltved, 1986): Cape St. Blaize and north.
  • Triviella magnidentata (Liltved, 1986):: Cape Town to East London.[4]
  • West coast baby's toes Triviella millardi (Cate, 1979): Cape west coast[2] and Cape Agulhas and north.[3][4]
  • Triviella multicostata (Liltved, 1986): Cape St. Blaize and north.
  • Triviella neglecta Schilder, 1930: Cape Peninsula, Cape Agulhas and north (?).[4]
  • Baby's toes Triviella ovulata (Lamarck, 1810): Cape Point to south Transkei.[2][3][4]
  • Triviella phalacra Schilder, 1930: Cape St. Francis to East London.[2][4]
  • Triviella rubra (Shaw, 1909): Cape Agulhas to Kei River Mouth.[4]
  • Triviella sanctispiritus (Shikama, 1974): Cape Town to East London.[4]
  • Triviella splendidissima Tomlin and Schilder, 1934: Cape Morgan (Eastern Cape) and north.
  • Triviella verhoefi (Gosliner and Liltved, 1981): Cape Agulhas and north (?).[4]
  • Triviella vesicularis (Gaskoin, 1836): Cape St. Blaize and north. Cape Agulhas and north (?).
  • Trivirostra oryza (Lamarck, 1810): Port Alfred to KwaZulu-Natal.
  • Trivirostra hordacea (Kiener, 1843): Coffee Bay and north.
  • Tear drops or Riceys Trivirostra pellucidula (Reeve, 1846): Jeffreys Bay to Mozambique.[2]

Naticidae - Necklace shells

  • Eunaticina perobliqua (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Euspira napus (E.A. Smith, 1904) (Mossel Bay to East London)[4]
  • Mammilla fibrosa (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852) (Mozambique)[4]
  • Comma necklace shell Notocochlis gualteriana Récluz, 1844. (Syn. Natica gualteriana) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
  • Natica lineata (Roding, 1798) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Mottled necklace shell Natica tecta Anton, 1839 (Namibia to Eastern Cape)[2]
  • Naticarius alapapilionis (Roding, 1798) (northern Wild Coast to Mozambique)[4]
  • Naticarius manceli (Josseaume, 1874) (northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Naticarius onca (Roding, 1798) (northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Neverita albumen (Linnaeus, 1758) (Durban to Mozambique)[4]
  • Neverita perselephanti (Link, 1807) (KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Moon shell Polinices didyma Röding, 1798 (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[2]
  • Polinices mammilla Linnaeus 1758 (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
  • Polinices paciae Bozzetti, 1997 (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Polinices sebae (Recluz, 1844) (KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Polinices simiae (Deshayes, 1838) (Wild Coast to Mozambique)[4]
  • Polinices syrphetodes (Kilburn, 1976) (KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Sinum delessertii (Recluz, 1843) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Sinum haliotoideum (Linnaeus, 1758) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Sinum laevigatum (Lamarck, 1822) (Durban to Mozambique)[4]
  • Sinum quasimodoides Kilburn, 1976 (Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Tanea euzona (Recluz, 1844) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Tanea hilaris (Sowerby, 1914) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Tectonatica violacea (Sowerby, 1825) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]

Tonnidae - Tonninae

Tonnidae - Cassinae - Helmet shells

  • Pustular triton Argobuccinum pustulosum Lightfoot, 1786 (Orange River to Eastern Cape)[2][3]
  • Casmaria decipiens (Kilburn, 1980) (Wild Coast to central KwaZulu-Natal)[4]
  • Casmaria erinacea (Linnaeus, 1758) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Cassis cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Cypraecassis rufa (Linnaeus, 1758) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Galeodea keyteri (Kilburn, 1975) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Oocorys lussii Bozzetti, 1990 (central KwaZulu-Natal)[4]
  • Oocorys sulcata Fischer, 1883 (eastern seaboard of South Africa and Mozambique)[4]
  • Checkerboard bonnet shell Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Phalium fimbria (Gmelin, 1791) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Phalium glaucum (Linnaeus, 1758) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Helmet shell Phalium labiatum zeylanicum Lamarck, 1822 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2][3] (syn. Semicassis labiata zeylanica)[4]
  • Semicassis bisulcata (Schubert & Wagner, 1829) (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis bulla fernandesi (Kilburn, 1975) (Central KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis craticulata (Euthyme, 1885) (Jeffreys Bay to Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis faurotis (Jousseaume, 1888) (Kwazulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis faurotis (Jousseaume, 1888) (Kwazulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Semicassis microstoma (von Martens, 1903) (Central Kwazulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]

Janthinidae - Violet shells

Bursidae

Ranellidae

Muricidae

  • Branched murex Chicoreus inflatus Lamarck, 1822. (Syn. Chicoreus ramosus) (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[2]
  • Mulberry shell Morula granulata Duclos, 1832 (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
  • Short-spined murex Murex brevispina Lamarck, 1822 (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[2]
  • Fenestrate oyster drill Ocenebra fenestrata Gould, 1833 (Cape Point to Transkei)[2]
  • Stag shell Pteropurpura (Poropteron) graagae (Coen, 1947) (Eastern Cape to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Pteropurpurea (Poropteron) uncinaria Lamarck, 1822 (Namibia to Port Alfred)[2]
  • Salmon lipped whelk Purpura persica Linnaeus, 1758 (Syn. Purpura panama) (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
  • Thais bufo Lamarck 1822 (Transkei to Indo-Pacific)[2]
  • Thais (Mancinella) alouina Röding, 1798. (Syn. Mancinella alouina) (Transkei to Indo-Pacific)[2]
  • Knobbly dogwhelk Thais capensis Petit de la Saussaye, 1852 (Agulhas to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Thais savignyi Deshayes, 1844 (Zululand to Indo-Pacific)[2]
  • Thais wahlbergi (Saldanha to False Bay)[2]
  • Girdled dogwhelk Nucella cingulata Linnaeus, 1771 (Orange river to Cape Point)[2]
  • Common dogwhelk Nucella dubia (Krauss, 1848) (Namibia to Transkei)[2]
  • Scaly dogwhelk Nucella squamosa (Lamarck, 1816) (Namibia to Transkei)[2][3]

Buccinidae

Buccinidae - Photinae

Fasciolariidae

  • Fasciolaria lugubris heynemanni ([2] (Syn? Pleuroploca lugubris heynemanni (Dunker, R.W., 1876))
  • Fasciolaria lugubris lugubris (Saldanha to False Bay)[2] (syn? Pleuroploca lugubris lugubris (Adams, A. & L.A. Reeve in Reeve, L.A., 1847))
  • Long-siphoned whelk Fusinus ocelliferus Lamarck, 1816 (Namaqualand to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2][3]
  • Forsskal's whelk Peristernia forskalii (Tapparone-Canefri, C.E., 1879) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]

Mitridae - Mitres

Strombidae - Strombs

  • Lambis chiragra arthritica Roding, 1798 (Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Lambis crocata crocata (Link, 1807) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Lambis digitata (Perry, 1811) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]
  • Lambis truncata truncata (Lightfoot, 1768) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[4]
  • Variable stromb Strombus mutabilis Swainson, 1821 (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
  • Strombus wilsonorum Abbott, 1967 (KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique)[4]

Aporrhaidae - pelican foot shells

Nassariidae

Dogwhelks

Plough shells

Olividae - Olive shells

Marginellidae - Marginellas

Conidae - Cone shells

  • Algoa cone Conus algoensis G. B. Sowerby II, 1834 (Cape Columbine to Cape Agulhas)[2]
    • Conus algoensis algoensis (West coast))[2][3]
    • Yellow Algoa cone Conus algoensis simplex G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 (Cape Point to Hermanus))[2][3]
    • Conus algoensis scitulus (Hermanus to Cape Agulhas))[2]
  • Hebrew cone Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758 (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
  • Livid cone Conus lividus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
  • Elongate cone Conus mozambicus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)[2][3]
  • Natal textile cone Conus natalis Sowerby II, 1857 (Eastern Cape to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
  • Sponsal cone Conus sponsalis Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
  • Textile cone Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758 (Natal northwards)[2]
  • Variable cone Conus tinianus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Agulhas to Transkei)[2]

Cancellariidae

Heterobranchia — Heterobranch gastropods

See article List of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa

References

  1. ^ a b c d WoRMS
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E. Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-250-4
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. 2005. Offshore Shells of Southern Africa ISBN 0-620-33607-2
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kilburn, R. and Rippey, E. Sea Shells of Southern Africa MacMillan South Africa 1982 ISBN 0-86954-094-7
  6. ^ a b Nangammbi T. C. & Herbert D. G. (2006). "Two new species of Tricolia Risso, 1826 from South Africa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Phasianellidae)". African Invertebrates 47: 11-22. abstract Archived 4 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Nangammbi T. C. & Herbert D. G. (2008). "A new species of pheasant shell from the south-western Indian Ocean (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Phasianellidae: Tricolia)". African Invertebrates 49(2): 13-19. abstract Archived 15 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd Liltved, William Rune. Cowries and their relatives of southern Africa: A study of the southern African Cypraeacean and Velutinacean gastropod fauna, Gordon Verhoef, Seacomber Publications, 2000. ISBN 0-908420-89-7
  9. ^ Vos C. (2005). "A new species of Tonna Brünnich, 1772 (Gastropoda, Tonnidae) (Tonna berthae) from South-African waters". Gloria Maris 44(1-2): 10-17.
  10. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141115 on 2010-12-13
  11. ^ a b c d e Petit R. E. & Harasewych M. G. (2000). "Additions to the Cancellariid (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) Fauna of South Africa". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 113(1): 145-154. http://hdl.handle.net/10088/8310

External links

  • Nakin M. D. V. (2009). "Effects of marine reserves on the biology of rocky intertidal limpets along the southern coast of South Africa". PhD thesis, Rhodes University. abstract, PDF.

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  • Mamabolo Mountain Bushveld
  • Marikana Thornveld
  • Molopo Bushveld
  • Moot Plains Bushveld
  • Mopane Basalt Shrubland
  • Mopane Gabbro Shrubland
  • Musina Mopane Bushveld
  • Ngongoni Veld
  • Norite Koppies Bushveld
  • Northern Lebombo Bushveld
  • Northern Zululand Sourveld
  • Nossob Bushveld
  • Nwambyia-Pumbe Sandy Bushveld
  • Ohrigstad Mountain Bushveld
  • Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld
  • Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld
  • Pilanesberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Polokwane Plateau Bushveld
  • Postmasburg Thornveld
  • Poung Dolomite Mountain Bushveld
  • Pretoriuskop Sour Bushveld
  • Roodeberg Bushveld
  • Schmidtsdrif Thornveld
  • Schweizer-Reneke Bushveld
  • Sekhukhune Mountain Bushveld
  • Sekhukhune Plains Bushveld
  • South Eastern Coastal Thornveld
  • Southern Lebombo Bushveld
  • Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Springbokvlakte Thornveld
  • Stella Bushveld
  • Swaziland Sour Bushveld
  • Tembe Sandy Bushveld
  • Thukela Thornveld
  • Thukela Valley Bushveld
  • Tsende Mopaneveld
  • Tshokwane-Hlane Basalt Lowveld
  • Tzaneen Sour Bushveld
  • Vaalbos Rocky Shrubland
  • VhaVenda Miombo
  • Waterberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Western Maputaland Clay Bushveld
  • Western Maputaland Sandy Bushveld
  • Western Sandy Bushveld
  • Zeerust Thornveld
  • Zululand Coastal Thornveld
  • Zululand Lowveld
Grassland
  • Aliwal North Dry Grassland
  • Amathole Mistbelt Grassland
  • Amathole Montane Grassland
  • Amersfoort Highveld Clay Grassland
  • Barberton Montane Grassland
  • Basotho Montane Shrubland
  • Bedford Dry Grassland
  • Besemkaree Koppies Shrubland
  • Bloemfontein Dry Grassland
  • Bloemfontein Karroid Shrubland
  • Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
  • Central Free State Grassland
  • Drakensberg Afroalpine Heathland
  • Drakensberg Foothill Moist Grassland
  • Drakensberg-Amathole Afromontane Fynbos
  • East Griqualand Grassland
  • Eastern Free State Clay Grassland
  • Eastern Free State Sandy Grassland
  • Eastern Highveld Grassland
  • Egoli Granite Grassland
  • Frankfort Highveld Grassland
  • Income Sandy Grassland
  • Ithala Quartzite Sourveld
  • KaNgwane Montane Grassland
  • Karoo Escarpment Grassland
  • Klerksdorp Thornveld
  • KwaZulu-Natal Highland Thornveld
  • Leolo Summit Sourveld
  • Lesotho Highland Basalt Grassland
  • Low Escarpment Moist Grassland
  • Lydenburg Montane Grassland
  • Lydenburg Thornveld
  • Mabela Sandy Grassland
  • Midlands Mistbelt Grassland
  • Mooi River Highland Grassland
  • Mthatha Moist Grassland
  • Northern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
  • Northern Escarpment Afromontane Fynbos
  • Northern Escarpment Dolomite Grassland
  • Northern Escarpment Quartzite Sourveld
  • Northern Free State Shrubland
  • Northern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
  • Northern KwaZulu-Natal Shrubland
  • Northern Zululand Mistbelt Grassland
  • Paulpietersburg Moist Grassland
  • Queenstown Thornveld
  • Rand Highveld Grassland
  • Sekhukhune Montane Grassland
  • Senqu Montane Shrubland
  • Southern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
  • Southern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
  • Soutpansberg Summit Sourveld
  • Soweto Highveld Grassland
  • Steenkampsberg Montane Grassland
  • Stormberg Plateau Grassland
  • Strydpoort Summit Sourveld
  • Tarkastad Montane Shrubland
  • Tsakane Clay Grassland
  • Tsomo Grassland
  • uKhahlamba Basalt Grassland
  • Vaal Reefs Dolomite Sinkhole Woodland
  • Vaal-Vet Sandy Grassland
  • Vredefort Dome Granite Grassland
  • Wakkerstroom Montane Grassland
  • Waterberg-Magaliesberg Summit Sourveld
  • Western Free State Clay Grassland
  • Western Highveld Sandy Grassland
  • Western Lesotho Basalt Shrubland
  • Winburg Grassy Shrubland
  • Wolkberg Dolomite Grassland
  • Woodbush Granite Grassland
  • Xhariep Karroid Grassland
  • Zastron Moist Grassland
Fynbos
  • Agulhas Limestone Fynbos
  • Agulhas Sand Fynbos
  • Albertinia Sand Fynbos
  • Algoa Sandstone Fynbos
  • Atlantis Sand Fynbos
  • Bokkeveld Sandstone Fynbos
  • Boland Granite Fynbos
  • Breede Alluvium Fynbos
  • Breede Quartzite Fynbos
  • Breede Sand Fynbos
  • Breede Shale Fynbos
  • Canca Limestone Fynbos
  • Cape Flats Sand Fynbos
  • Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos
  • Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Central Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Central Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • De Hoop Limestone Fynbos
  • Eastern Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Eastern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • Elgin Shale Fynbos
  • Elim Ferricrete Fynbos
  • Garden Route Granite Fynbos
  • Garden Route Shale Fynbos
  • Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos
  • Greyton Shale Fynbos
  • Grootrivier Quartzite Fynbos
  • Hangklip Sand Fynbos
  • Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos
  • Hopefield Sand Fynbos
  • Kamiesberg Granite Fynbos
  • Kango Conglomerate Fynbos
  • Knysna Sand Fynbos
  • Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Kouebokkeveld Alluvium Fynbos
  • Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos
  • Kouga Grassy Sandstone Fynbos
  • Kouga Sandstone Fynbos
  • Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos
  • Loerie Conglomerate Fynbos
  • Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos
  • Matjiesfontein Quartzite Fynbos
  • Matjiesfontein Shale Fynbos
  • Montagu Shale Fynbos
  • Namaqualand Sand Fynbos
  • North Hex Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Northern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • Olifants Sandstone Fynbos
  • Overberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Peninsula Granite Fynbos
  • Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos
  • Piketberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Potberg Ferricrete Fynbos
  • Potberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Robertson Granite Fynbos
  • South Hex Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Southern Cape Dune Fynbos
  • Stinkfonteinberge Quartzite Fynbos
  • Suurberg Quartzite Fynbos
  • Suurberg Shale Fynbos
  • Swartberg Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
  • Swartberg Shale Fynbos
  • Swartland Alluvium Fynbos
  • Swartruggens Quartzite Fynbos
  • Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos
  • Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos
  • Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
  • Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos
Renosterveld
  • Baviaanskloof Shale Renosterveld
  • Breede Alluvium Renosterveld
  • Breede Shale Renosterveld
  • Central Mountain Shale Renosterveld
  • Central Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
  • Ceres Shale Renosterveld
  • Eastern Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
  • Hantam Plateau Dolerite Renosterveld
  • Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld
  • Kango Limestone Renosterveld
  • Langkloof Shale Renosterveld
  • Matjiesfontein Shale Renosterveld
  • Montagu Shale Renosterveld
  • Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld
  • Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld
  • Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld
  • Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld
  • Peninsula Shale Renosterveld
  • Robertson Granite Renosterveld
  • Roggeveld Shale Renosterveld
  • Ruêns Silcrete Renosterveld
  • Swartberg Shale Renosterveld
  • Swartland Alluvium Renosterveld
  • Swartland Granite Renosterveld
  • Swartland Shale Renosterveld
  • Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld
  • Uniondale Shale Renosterveld
  • Vanrhynsdorp Shale Renosterveld
  • Western Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
Succulent
Karoo
  • Aggeneys Gravel Vygieveld
  • Agter-Sederberg Shrubland
  • Anenous Plateau Shrubland
  • Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland
  • Central Knersvlakte Vygieveld
  • Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland
  • Citrusdal Vygieveld
  • Die Plate Succulent Shrubland
  • Doringrivier Quartzite Karoo
  • Eastern Little Karoo
  • Eenriet Plains Succulent Shrubland
  • Goariep Mountain Succulent Shrubland
  • Hantam Karoo
  • Kamiesberg Mountains Shrubland
  • Klawer Sandy Shrubland
  • Knersvlakte Dolomite Vygieveld
  • Knersvlakte Quartz Vygieveld
  • Knersvlakte Shale Vygieveld
  • Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo
  • Kosiesberg Succulent Shrubland
  • Lekkersing Succulent Shrubland
  • Little Karoo Quartz Vygieveld
  • Namaqualand Arid Grassland
  • Namaqualand Blomveld
  • Namaqualand Coastal Duneveld
  • Namaqualand Heuweltjie Strandveld
  • Namaqualand Heuweltjieveld
  • Namaqualand Inland Duneveld
  • Namaqualand Klipkoppe Shrubland
  • Namaqualand Shale Shrubland
  • Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland
  • Namaqualand Strandveld
  • Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld
  • Northern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
  • Northern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
  • Oograbies Plains Sandy Grassland
  • Piketberg Quartz Succulent Shrubland
  • Platbakkies Succulent Shrubland
  • Prince Albert Succulent Karoo
  • Richtersveld Coastal Duneveld
  • Richtersveld Red Duneveld
  • Richtersveld Sandy Coastal Scorpionstailveld
  • Riethuis-Wallekraal Quartz Vygieveld
  • Robertson Karoo
  • Roggeveld Karoo
  • Rooiberg Quartz Vygieveld
  • Rosyntjieberg Succulent Shrubland
  • Southern Namaqualand Quartzite Klipkoppe Shrubland
  • Southern Richtersveld Inselberg Shrubland
  • Southern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
  • Southern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
  • Steytlerville Karoo
  • Stinkfonteinberge Eastern Apron Shrubland
  • Swartruggens Quartzite Karoo
  • Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland
  • Tanqua Karoo
  • Tatasberg Mountain Succulent Shrubland
  • Umdaus Mountains Succulent Shrubland
  • Upper Annisvlakte Succulent Shrubland
  • Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld
  • Vyftienmyl se Berge Succulent Shrubland
  • Western Bushmanland Klipveld
  • Western Gwarrieveld
  • Western Little Karoo
  • Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Albany
Thicket
and
Strandveld
  • Albany Arid Thicket
  • Albany Bontveld
  • Albany Mesic Thicket
  • Albany Valley Thicket
  • Baviaans Valley Thicket
  • Bethelsdorp Bontveld
  • Blombos Strandveld
  • Buffels Mesic Thicket
  • Buffels Valley Thicket
  • Cape Flats Dune Strandveld
  • Crossroads Grassland Thicket
  • Doubledrift Karroid Thicket
  • Eastern Gwarrieveld
  • Elands Forest Thicket
  • Escarpment Arid Thicket
  • Escarpment Mesic Thicket
  • Escarpment Valley Thicket
  • Fish Arid Thicket
  • Fish Mesic Thicket
  • Fish Valley Thicket
  • Gamka Arid Thicket
  • Gamka Valley Thicket
  • Geluk Grassland Thicket
  • Goukamma Dune Thicket
  • Gouritz Valley Thicket
  • Grahamstown Grassland Thicket
  • Grassridge Bontveld
  • Groot Brak Dune Strandveld
  • Hamburg Dune Thicket
  • Hartenbos Dune Thicket
  • Kasouga Dune Thicket
  • Koedoeskloof Karroid Thicket
  • Lambert's Bay Strandveld
  • Langebaan Dune Strandveld
  • Mons Ruber Fynbos Thicket
  • Motherwell Karroid Thicket
  • Nanaga Savanna Thicket
  • Oudshoorn Karroid Thicket
  • Overberg Dune Strandveld
  • Saldanha Flats Strandveld
  • Saldanha Granite Strandveld
  • Saldanha Limestone Strandveld
  • Saltaire Karroid Thicket
  • Sardinia Forest Thicket
  • St Francis Dune Thicket
  • Subtropical Dune Thicket
  • Sundays Arid Thicket
  • Sundays Mesic Thicket
  • Sundays Valley Thicket
  • Thorndale Forest Thicket
  • Umtiza Forest Thicket
  • Vanstadens Forest Thicket
  • Western Gwarrieveld
  • Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Nama
Karoo
and
desert
  • Albany Broken Veld
  • Blouputs Karroid Thornveld
  • Bushmanland Arid Grassland
  • Bushmanland Basin Shrubland
  • Bushmanland Sandy Grassland
  • Eastern Lower Karoo
  • Eastern Upper Karoo
  • Gamka Karoo
  • Kalahari Karroid Shrubland
  • Lower Gariep Broken Veld
  • Lower Karoo Gwarrieveld
  • Northern Upper Karoo
  • Upper Karoo Hardeveld
  • Western Upper Karoo
  • Alexander Bay Coastal Duneveld
  • Eastern Gariep Plains Desert
  • Eastern Gariep Rocky Desert
  • Helskloof Canyon Desert
  • Kahams Mountain Desert
  • Kwaggarug Mountain Desert
  • Namib Lichen Fields
  • Noms Mountain Desert
  • Northern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
  • Richtersberg Mountain Desert
  • Richtersveld Sheet Wash Desert
  • Southern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
  • Western Gariep Hills Desert
  • Western Gariep Lowland Desert
  • Western Gariep Plains Desert
Azonal
  • Albany Alluvial Vegetation
  • Albany Dune Strandveld
  • Algoa Dune Strandveld
  • Arid Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Bushmanland Vloere
  • Cape Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Cape Inland Salt Pans
  • Cape Lowland Alluvial Vegetation
  • Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetlands
  • Cape Seashore Vegetation
  • Cape Vernal Pools
  • Drakensberg Wetlands
  • Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands
  • Fynbos Riparian Vegetation
  • Highveld Alluvial Vegetation
  • Highveld Salt Pans
  • Lesotho Mires
  • Lower Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
  • Muscadel Riviere
  • Namaqualand Riviere
  • Namaqualand Salt Pans
  • Namaqualand Seashore Vegetation
  • Namib Seashore Vegetation
  • Southern Kalahari Mekgacha
  • Southern Kalahari Salt Pans
  • Southern Karoo Riviere
  • Subantarctic Kelp Bed Vegetation
  • Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation
  • Subtropical Dune Thicket
  • Subtropical Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands
  • Subtropical Salt Pans
  • Subtropical Seashore Vegetation
  • Tanqua Wash Riviere
  • Upper Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
Forest
and
Coastal
belt
  • KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt
  • Maputaland Coastal Belt
  • Maputaland Wooded Grassland
  • Pondoland-Natal Sandstone Coastal Sourveld
  • Transkei Coastal Belt
  • Ironwood Dry Forest
  • Lowveld Riverine Forest
  • Mangrove Forest
  • Northern Afrotemperate Forest
  • Northern Coastal Forest
  • Northern Mistbelt Forest
  • Sand Forest
  • Scarp Forest
  • Southern Afrotemperate Forest
  • Southern Coastal Forest
  • Southern Mistbelt Forest
  • Swamp Forest
Subantarctic
biome
  • Subantarctic Biotic Herbfield and Grassland
  • Subantarctic Cinder Cone Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Coastal Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Drainage Line Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Fellfield
  • Subantarctic Fernbrake Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Mire
  • Subantarctic Polar Desert
not on
VEGMAP
South
African
National
Parks
Biosphere
reserves
Marine
protected
areas of
South
Africa
Coastal
Offshore
Management
organisations
Biodiversity research in SA
Research
organisations
Research
projects
Citizen science
databases
Botanical
gardens
Taxonomists
Regional biodiversity
Legislation
Publications
  • List of field guides to South African biota
  • Categories: Biodiversity of South Africa
  • Index