Jiangshan dialect
Southern Wu dialect spoken in China
| Jiangshan dialect | |
|---|---|
| 江山話 | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Jiangshan city, Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang province |
Native speakers | (undated figure of 500,000–600,000[citation needed]) |
Language family | Sino-Tibetan
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | long1386 Jiangshan |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
The Jiangshan dialect (江山話) is a Southern Wu dialect, closely related to that of Quzhou. It is spoken in Jiangshan, a city in Quzhou prefecture, China.
Phonology
Initials
| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m 馬 | n 腦 | ŋ 我 | |||
| Plosive | tenuis | p 巴 | t 豬 | k 姜 | ||
| aspirated | pʰ 怕 | tʰ 聽 | kʰ 氣 | |||
| slack voice | b̥ 爬 | d̥ 同 | ɡ̊ 群 | |||
| Affricate | tenuis | ts 再 | tɕ 朱 | |||
| aspirated | tsʰ 寸 | tɕʰ 唱 | ||||
| slack voice | d̥z̥ 茶 | d̥ʑ̊ 傳 | ||||
| Fricative | tenuis | f 夫 | s 山 | ɕ 心 | h 曉 | |
| slack voice | v̥ 浮 | z̥ 事 | ʑ̊ 樹 | ɦ 雲 | ||
| Approximant | l 李 | |||||
Finals
| 耳 [ør] | 衣 [ɦi] | 无 [vu] | 雨 [ɦy] | 之 [tsɿ] |
| 拉 [lɑ] | 家 [kiɑ] | 瓦 [ŋuɑ] | ||
| 鞋 [ɦæ] | 也 [ɦiæ] | 快 [kʰuæ] | ||
| 天 [tʰiɛ̃] | 全 [ʑyɛ̃] | |||
| 开 [kʰe] | 会 [kue] | |||
| 哥 [ko] | ||||
| 包 [pɐɯ] | 表 [piɐɯ] | |||
| 楼 [lɯ] | 秋 [tɕʰiɯ] | |||
| 三 [sã] | 香 [hiã] | 关 [kuã] | ||
| 干 [kɔ̃] | 状 [ʑiɔ̃] | |||
| 盘 [bɐ̃] | 官 [kuɐ̃] | |||
| 门 [mõ] | 穷 [ɡiõ] | |||
| 齿 [tsʰɿə] | 鱼 [ŋɯə] | |||
| 金 [kœ̃] | 森 [ɕyœ̃] | |||
| 京 [kĩ] | 春 [tɕʰỹ] | |||
| 八 [paʔ] | 学 [ɦiaʔ] | 扩 [kʰuaʔ] | ||
| 笔 [pœʔ] | 十 [ʑyœʔ] | |||
| 日 [nəʔ] | 习 [ʑiɛʔ] | 越 [ɦyɛʔ] | ||
| 月 [ŋoʔ] | 肉 [ʑioʔ] | |||
| 合 [kɔʔ] | 肉 [ŋyɔʔ] |
Tones
The Jiangshan dialect is considered to have eight tones. However, since tone split from Middle Chinese, each character still depends on the voicing of the initial consonant. These constitute just three phonemic tones: pin, shang, and qu. (Ru syllables are phonemically toneless, as their distinctiveness lies in a final glottal stop.)
| Number | Tone name | Tone contour | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 陰平 yīn píng | ˦ (44) | 天空飛山 |
| 2 | 陽平 yáng píng | ˨˧˩ (231) | 南來田皮 |
| 3 | 陰上 yīn shàng | ˧˨˦ (324) | 紙九火口 |
| 4 | 陽上 yang shàng | ˨ (22) | 坐買有被 |
| 5 | 陰去 yīn qù | ˥˩ (51) | 菜四送去 |
| 6 | 陽去 yáng qù | ˧˩ (31) | 備洞路硬 |
| 7 | 陰入 yīn rù | ˦˥ʔ (45) | 七雪踢客 |
| 8 | 陽入 yáng rù | ˩˨ʔ (12) | 六肉白獨 |
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Sino-Tibetan branches
(Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)
| Greater Magaric |
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(Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)
| "Naga" | |
|---|---|
| Sal |
| Burmo-Qiangic |
|---|
(Arunachal)
| Greater Siangic |
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|---|
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
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| Phonology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Idioms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| History |
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| Literary forms |
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| Scripts |
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