Hagei language
Kra language
| Hagei | |
|---|---|
| Green Gelao | |
| Native to | China and Vietnam |
| Region | Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan; Ha Giang Province |
Native speakers | 300 (2002)[1] |
Language family | Kra–Dai
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | giq |
| Glottolog | gree1278 |
| ELP | Green Gelao |
Hagei (Hakei) or Green Gelao (Chinese: 青仡佬; sometimes translated as Blue Gelao) is a Gelao language spoken in China and Vietnam.[2][3]
Dialects
The primary dialectal areas where Hagei (Green Gelao) is still spoken are:[4]
- Guizhou: in Guanling County, Qinglong County, and Zhenfeng County[5]
- Guangxi: in Sanchong 三冲 village, Longlin County[6]
- Vietnam: in Hà Giang Province[7]
The Hagei varieties of northern Guizhou, such as in Zunyi, are extinct.[8]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | (Alveolo-) palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | lab. | plain | pal. | lab. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | plain | lab. | |||
| Stop | voiceless | p | pʲ | pʷ | t | tʲ | tʷ | k | kʷ | ʔ | ||||
| aspirated | pʰ | pʲʰ | pʰʷ | tʰ | tʰʷ | kʰ | kʷʰ | |||||||
| voiced | b | d | dʲ | ɡ | ||||||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | ts | tsʷ | tʂ | tʂʷ | tɕ | ||||||||
| aspirated | tsʰ | tsʰʷ | tʂʰʷ | tɕʰ | ||||||||||
| voiced | dz | dʐ | dʑ | |||||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ | ʂʷ | ɕ | h | hʷ | ||||||
| voiced | v | z | ʐ | ʐʷ | ʑ | |||||||||
| Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ɲ̊ | ŋ̊ | |||||||||
| voiced | m | mʲ | mʷ | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||
| glottalized | mˀ | ŋˀ | ||||||||||||
| Lateral | voiceless | l̥ | ||||||||||||
| voiced | l | lʲ | ||||||||||||
| glottalized | lˀ | |||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||||
- Consonant clusters may include /pl, bl/ and /ps, pz/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | z̞ | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a | ||
| Syllabic | m̩ | n̩ |
- /z̞/ is typically centralized and may also be heard as a syllabic retroflex [ʐ̩] or a central [ɨ].[6]
References
- ^ Hagei at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
- ^ Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].
- ^ Zhang Jimin 张済民. 1993. Gelao yu yan jiu 仡佬语研究 (A study of Gelao). Guiyang, China: Guizhou People's Press 贵州民族出版社.
- ^ Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].
- ^ Kosaka, Ryūichi; Zhou, Guoyan; Li; Jinfang. 1998. Geyang yuyan cihuiji [仡央语言词汇集]. Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [贵州民族出版社].
- ^ a b Shen Yumay. 2003. Phonology of Sanchong Gelao. M.A. Thesis, University of Texas at Arlington.
- ^ Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2011. The Gelao language: materials for a Kadai comparative dictionary [Языки гэлао: материалы к сопоставительному словарю кадайских языко]. Moscow: Academia. ISBN 9785874443917
- ^ Zhou Guoyan 周国炎. 2004. Gelaozu muyu shengtai yanjiu 仡佬族母語生态硏究 (Studies on the linguistic ecology of the Gelao people). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House 民族出版社.
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(Zhuang, etc.)
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| Southwestern (Thai) |
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| (mixed) |
Italics indicate extinct languages
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