1 January – National Investigation Agency (NIA) Bill and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment (UAPA) Bill, the new anti-terror regime came into force with President Pratibha Patil giving her assent. (The Hindu)
1 January – 2009 Guwahati bombings: Five persons, including a boy and a woman, were killed and about 50 injured in serial bomb blasts in Guwahati, Assam.[1]
1 January – Indian Government decides to place officers in the rank of lieutenant colonel and their equivalents in the other two services on a higher pay band and constitute a separate pay commission in a move to redress the grievances of Indian Armed Forces personnel over anomalies in pay structures. (The Hindu)
5 January – Indian Government summons Pakistan High Commissioner Shahid Malik to hand over evidence about Pakistan's involvement in the Mumbai terror attacks. (The Hindu)
7 January – Satyam Scandal: In a letter to the Satyam board and the market regulator, SEBI, Ramalinga Raju, the founder and CEO of Satyam Computer Services, confessed that he has been creating fake invoices and that the company cash was all fictitious. The BSE crashed 749 points, wiping out about $23bn of investors wealth.(The Times of India)
25 May – Cyclone Aila ravages the east coast killing at least 149[12][13][14] and hundreds others were left homeless as torrential rains led to flooding.
11 August – 2009 Andaman Islands earthquake: A 7.5 magnitude earthquake occurs in the Andaman Islands of India. No casualties or injuries were reported, although there were complaints about minor damages to buildings.
10 September – At least five girls are killed and 30 other students injured in a stampede at a state-run school in the Indian capital, New Delhi.[33][34]
6 November – At least 34 people are killed and 29 are injured when a bus falls into a gorge in Himachal Pradesh.[43]
22 November – At least seven people are killed and more than 55 injured in a bombing in Assam, northeastern India.[44]
24 November – Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had the first official state visit to the White House during the administration of U.S. President Barack Obama. Several discussions took place during the meeting, including on trade and nuclear power.
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^Veteran comedian Nagesh dead[usurped] in The Hindu